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N0. 6|0,H8. Patented Aug. 30, I898. G. M. BRILL & S. M. CURWEN. PIVOTAL TRUCK.

(Application filed Nov. 3, 1896.)

(No Model.) 4 Sheeta-$heet l.

WITNESSES- INVENTOHS,

' Gan/ye VLZNLZL nd ATTORNEY m: NORRIS PEYERS 00.. PHOTQLIYNQ. msnmmom u. c,

(No Model.)

Patented Aug. 30, I898 G. M. BRILL &. S. M.CURWEN.

PIVOTAL TRUCK.

(Application filed Nov. 3, 1896.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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No. 6I0,|l8. Patented Aug. 30, I898. G. M. BRILL & S. M. CURWEN.

PIVOTAL TRUCK.

(Application filed Nov. 3, 1896.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets$heet 3.

2 i i m Cttbrneg in: Noam: Parza-w no, PHOYO-LITHO., wAsumsmu, m c

N0. 6|0,l|8. Patented Aug. 30, I898.

G. M. BRILL &- S. M. CURWEN.

PIVOTAL TRUCK.

(Application filed Nov. :3, 1896. (No Model.)

4 Sheets5heet 4.

a, $2061 1, Z'Ori' 677 131. OM/4J4 Jamel attorney m: NORRVS PETERS co. PHOTO-LITHQ. wmwmn'mn, u. c.

trams Sma ties FFliCE- PATENT GEORGE MARTIN BRILL AND SAMUEL M. CURNVEN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS TO JOHN A. BRILL, OF SAME PLACE.

PIVOTAL TRUCK.

$PEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 610,118, dated August 30, 1898.

Application filed November 3, 1896- Serial No. 610,902. (No model.)

To (all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE MARTIN BRILL and SAMUEL M. OURWEN, citizens of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have made certain new and useful Improvements in Pivotal Trucks, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in the construction of pivotal car-trucks, and

especially to that class of pivotal trucks which are adapted for use on passenger-cars wherein an electric motor or other like agency is em ployed for the propulsion of the same.

The primary object of our present invention is to produce an easy-riding truck wherein the movements of the truck caused by unevenness or other derangement of the roadbed, as well as the ordinary evolutions of the truck, are, so far as their effect upon the carbody is concerned, reduced to a minimum, and one of the agencies employed in our present construction whereby this result is achieved toa marked extent is what we term the extension of the bolster-spring base.

It has been usual to hang the bolster construction, and primarily the spring or sand plank, as it is ordinarily termed, from the transoms, which are disposed across the truck between the side frames, the ends of the transoms being secured to the side frames, the support for the bolster being from the transoms at points within the side frames and mainly within the wheel-gage. In those cases the support or base for the bolster was considerably shorter than the wheel-gage and according to our experience aided rather than decreased and in some cases considerably amplified the movements of the truck which are communicated to the carbody. According to our present improvements in this regard we preferably dispense entirely with this between-gage suspension for the bolster (although'in some cases it may be desirable to otherwise dispose the suspension) and employ What we call equalizing-bars, suspended directly from the side frames of the truck outsideof the wheels, and secure the spring-plank solidly or fixedly to the mediate portions of the equalizing-bars on both sides, thereby materially increasing the span or base of'the spring-support for the bolster,enabling it to resist transverse oscillation to a greater extent than under the old method of swinging the bolster. In addition to this We have carried the physical connection of the equalizing-bars with the side frames close to the axles, which relieves the side frames from a large part of the strain which comes upon them when the load is carried by the transoms, and suspended the ends of the equalizing-bars from the side bars of the truck-frame, thereby vastly increasing the longitudinal base or support of the bolster, and in order to permit of the transverse swing of the bolster and also to resiliently connect the equalizing-bars with the truck-frame, which latter isjin turn resilientl y supported upon the car-axle, we connect the ends of the equalizing-bars to the truck-frame by swing-links, which are each so constructed that they are separable or ex tensible and the separation of the parts resisted by a spring of the draw-and-recoil class having a double and opposite action, (or a single-acting spring or springs may be employed,) the result of which is that the holster, or, in other words, the spring or sand plank, as it is termed, is resiliently supported from the side bars of the' truck-frame, the spring-links for so supporting the springplank with the springs between the axle-boxes and side frames and the full elliptics (or others on the spring-plank which are interposed between the latter member and the bolster proper) forming three sets of springs arranged in series to carry the load, all of which, aswill be hereinafter described, enter into the modification of the truck motions and that of the supported car.

Our invention also includes improvements in the general construction of the truck, also means for supporting the motor upon the truck, and, further, the generalconstruction and combination of parts hereinafter described, and further pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a truck embodying our improvements and electric motors, diagrammatically illustrated, mounted thereon, part of the truck being broken away. Fig. 2 is a plan View of Fig. 1.. Fig.

3 is an end elevation of the truck, one half of which is cut away to illustrate the bolster construction, said latter half being partly in section. Fig. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional elevation through the bolster, showing a portion of the equalizing-bar and top chord of the side frame on one side of the truck and also the motor suspension. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the suspending-link for the equalizing-bars, a portion of the end of one of the equalizingbars, and a portion of the top chord of the side frame. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional elevation of a car-truck, the left-hand side illustrating the construction disclosed in this application and the right-hand side that of the usual swing-bolster truck, said view being illustrative of the arcs of vibration of the bolster in the old style of truck and in the present construction.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

1 in the drawings are the axles, and 2 the truck-wheels; 3, the journal-boxes, provided with vertical restraining-ribs 4.

The truck-frame is of the class known as an axle-box framethatis, it is supported by and maintains the axle-boxes in parallelismsaid frame comprising, as to both sides of the truck, the side frame having inverted- U-shaped yokes or pedestals 5, embracing the axle-boxes between the ribs 4, the yokes being connected together at the top by the top chord or side bar 6, the outside of the lower portion of the arms '7 of the yokes being recessed to receive the pedestal tie-bar 8, to which the yoke-arms are bolted, the tiebar constituting a lower chord for the side frame and which is bent outwardly to give clearance for the swing of the equalizingbars hereinafter described. From the outer arms of the yokes, preferably on the same horizontal plane approximately with the axles, are outwardly-extending arms 9,formed with recessed jaws 10, in which is seated the bottom plate 11 of a T-iron cross-bar 12, the end cross-bar tying the side frames together transversely.

The foregoing comprises the truck-frame, which may be variously termed an axlebox frame or truck-frame, and the top chord may be termed the side bar, and the top chord, yokes, and extensions the side frame.

The first (the lastin point of operation when the motion is derived initially from the carbody) ofthe series of springs for supporting the car-body consists of the springs 13, interposed between the tops of the yokes 5 and the tops of the axle-boxes 3, seats being provided on both parts to receive the same. These springs are not the usual cushions ordinarily placed between the axle-boxes and yokes to deaden the movement between these parts and which had or have little, if any, elasticity and gave but very little, if any, re-

silient support to the car, but spiral springs intended to enter into and form part of the spring-support of the car in the manner hereinafter described, at the same time acting as cushions between the parts.

Closely adjacent the axle-box yokes and from the top chord 6 are pivotally suspended the spring-links 14. (See Figs. 5 and 5.) The top chord 6 is provided with a bifurcated lug 15, formed by the ears 16, depending from the under surface of the chord and extending up the side of the chord for strengthening purposes, the lugs being preferably made integral with, the top chord, or they may be made separate and fastened to said chord. The cars are provided with holes, through which extends a stout pin 17, and from the pin is suspended the links, in this case comprising the spring-seat hanger or barrel 18, by means of a circular top or head 19, entering in between the ears of the bifurcated lug through which the pin 17 extends, pivotally supporting the hanger from the top chord, the lower portion of the hanger being barrelshaped, from the bottom of which extends outwardly a circular spring-seat 20, the barrel portion of the hanger being of greater diameter than the head in order to firmly unite the parts together and prevent derangement. The spring-seat supports a spiral equalizingspring 21, (preferably of greater carrying capacity than the springs 13, or, if desired, than the bolster-springs,) which encircles the barrel of the hanger, which spring forms another of the series of car-springs, and on top of said spring and encircling the barrel 18 rests a movable spring cap or follower 22. The sides of the barrel of the hanger are provided with slots 23, (best seen in Fig. 5 through which extends a heavy bar or pin 24, which passes through the top of a thrust-bar 25, which pin rests upon the top of the follower 22, the thrust-bar moving within the barrel of the hanger. The lower part of the thrustbar is provided with an apertured enlargement or eye 26, through which extends the end of the equalizing-bar 27 the end being shouldered to form a journal 28, which is provided with a set-nut and washer to confine the thrust-bar and equalizing-bar together.

If it is desired to employ a non-swinging bolster, the ends of the equalizing-bar can be made fast to the thrust-bar,so as not to allow of rotation within the apertured enlargement of the thrust-bar; but we prefer to make allowance for rotative movement between these parts.

As shown, the equalizing-bar is strengthened by increasing its thickness centrally.

By reference to Figs. 2 and 3 it will be seen that the spring-links are given an outward inclination from their point of support on the side frames. This increases the stability of the swinging parts comprising the equalizingbars and bolster construction, the tendency of the inclination being to bring the parts back centrally to a state of rest.

ICC

To the central portion of the equalizingbar is secured a spring-plank, upon which rests the full-elliptic or other bolster springs, and on them rests the bolster for supporting the car-body, all in the manner hereinafter described.

At 38 is illustrated the spring-plank, which is formed by the channel-beam 39, with its union is further reinforced by the angle pieces 41, which may be either formed integral with the equalizing-bar or bolted thereto,

to which the channel-beam is bolted, thus securing both of the equalizing-bars together transversely.

. In order to strengthen the sand-plank, two parallel truss-bars 42 are employed, secured at each end to a plate 43, Fig. 3, abutting against the end of the spring-plank, the truss bars being held away from the spring-plank by spreaders 44, which bear against said bars and which are located directly under. the elliptic bolster-sprin gs 45, giving said springs an additional support and strengthening the spring-plank, the ends of the truss-rods being inclined upwardly to meet the end of the spring-plank, as shown in Fig. 3.

Upon the filling 40 of the spring-plauk and in line with the flange 46 -0f the wheels 2 are secured in pairs the transversely-extending full-elliptic bolster-springs 45, their central straps 47 being seated in blocks 48, either resting upon or secured to the spring-plank, the upper straps of the springs being seated in blocks 49, which rest against the bolster 50, of wood, &c., to which said blocks may be secured.

The bolster-springs 45, which may be of any desired form or otherwise arranged,

preferably that shown, form the third of the series of car-supporting springs.

At 51 are transoms, of angle iron, which extend between the top chords 6 of the side bars, the inner sides of the chords beingpro-- vided with bracket-like lugs or projections 51, with reinforcing-webs 52, (clearly seen in Figs. 2 and 4,) to which the ends of the transoms are secured, as shown in Fig. 4, which lugs can either be bolted on or preferably cast integral with the top chord.

A safety-strapping composed of the parts 53 54, their ends 55 56 being secured to the top flange of the transoms, surrounds the spring-plank and the elliptical springs and the bolster to hold the parts together in case they become accidentally disengaged.

By means of construction heretofore described the strains upon the truck-frame for a given weight of car and load are much less than in the ordinary construction. The

swing-links come close to the pedestals orsoms.

axle-box yokes, relieving the side bars of a large part of the strain which comes upon them when the load is carried by the tran- Other things being equal, therefore, the truck may be kept square with less strain 011 the frame.

Reference is had to Fig. 6, which diagrammatically illustrates the motions of the bolster in the old and present types. In both cases the center plate is taken as the center of motion and support, the circles representing the lines of motion. With the old style of link suspension from the transoms, as at the right hand of the figure, the radius of motion is that of the inner circle. The radiusfor the outer circle is obtained by placing the hangers outside of the wheel-gage, as shown atthe left hand, the motion of course being slower in proportion with the greater radius and correspondingly easier. This novel feature of the truck and result is obtained through the employment of the link-hun g equalizers. These, as before described, are straight forged bars carried by swing-links or stirrups upon their ends from the side bars.

. At the centers they are solidly connected with the spring-plank. The equalizers, springplank, and bolster move together in the side motion. This construction and disposition enable it to perform all that is possible of an equalizer arranged in the old way on the boxes, for the ordinary equalizing-bar is so in name only. It slightly reduces the motions of, the wheels. In rare cases the movement of the body may be as small as three-quarters that of the journal; but this is all that can be eX- pected. .W'ith our equalizer all is accomplished that an equalizer can do theoretically, which is twice that of the ordinary form. This makes the motion of the car-body one-half a great as that of the wheel.

The spring-links are a novel feature of con-- struction. They differ from the ordinary link in position, action, and in the possession of elasticity and the capability of longitudinal separation. While they perform all the functions of the common swing-links, they also cushion the side motion. They are so placed that the motion of the journal is doubly cushioned before it reaches the equalizer itself.

As will be noticed, the springs are almost in vertical alinement with the, j ournaled ends of the equalizing-bars.

There are three sets of springs in the truck. To use an electrical term, they are placed in a series. The weight rests on each set.

There are the journal-springs resting on the springs. This gives a very great degree of elasticity to the truck and enables it to adjust itself with a minimum amount of disturbance to the inequalities of the track. The equalizers have also the effect of distributing the load equally on the two wheels on each side -of the truck no matter what the vertical position of any of the wheels may be..

Owing to the fact that the load primarily rests on the equalizers and by them is transmitted to the side frames at points close to the pedestals, the side frames are subjected to less strains than they would be if the load rested on them midway between the wheels.

The result of the lateral and vertical adjustability of the trucks is that it has great adherence to the track.

in the usual or desired way, the other or free end being supported from the transoms.

We have illustrated a form of side bar and transom-support for the free end of .the motor in Figs. 1, 3, and 4, in which a hanger 61 is secured to the transom 51, and the end of the hanger is provided with a pin 62, from which depends a laterally-swinging link 63,

secured to the pin by the apertured eye 64 at the upper portion of the link, the lower portion of the link being provided with an apertured eye 65, which receives a lug 66 on the lower portion of the motor or its casing, thus pivotally uniting the links 63 to the hanger 61 and lug 66, forming an articulated and transversely-swinging support for the free end of the motor, allowing the motor to move synchronously with the thrust of the axle, the truck-spring system resiliently opposing the oscillations or torque of the motor.

As illustrated in Fig. 4, the hangers are turned outwardlyin order to clear the bolstersprings. This form of suspension enables the space between the bolster and the axles to be utilized for the suspension of the motor, bringing the motor and its casing close up to the bolster, the essential feature of the suspension being its connection with the transoms, which derive their support from the side beams of the truck, which in turn are resiliently supported upon the axle-boxes, so that the motor has a resilient support upon the axles through the axle-box springs 13.

We do not intend to limit ourselves to the construction of truck and parts hereinbefore described and illustrated, as it is apparent that many of the parts and their particular combinations can be embodied in other convention, especially the form of spring-link shown in our application, Serial No. 641,868, filed June 23, 1897, which is a division of this case, can be substituted for the form of link herein shown and described.

In employing the word bolster in the claims we do not intend to limit ourselves to a construction, as illustrated, wherein a springplank, bolster-springs, and bolster are employed, as it is apparent that it is not essential to some of the features of improvement herein described that the center and side bearings should be spring-supported on the spring-plank, as the bolster parts could be located directly on the spring-plank or any other means which may be employed for tying the equalizing-bars together.

Having described our invention, we claim- 1. The combination in a car-truck and its running-gear, of the side frames supported outside of the Wheel-gage, the truck-bolster, and separable spring-links and equalizingbars supporting said bolster directly from the side frames, substantially as described.

2. The combination in acar-truck and its running-gear, of the side frames supported outside of the wheel-gage, the truck-bolster, the bolster being supported from the side frames by equalizing bars and extensible spring swinging links outside of the Wheelgage, substantially as described.

3. In a truck, the combination with the truck-frame, of a bolster, the transverselyswinging resilient suspending-links secured to the truckframe adjacent the axle-boxes, the inflexible equalizing-bars secured to said links, the bolster being supported on said bars, substantially as described.

4:. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of transversely-swinging links pendent from the side frames adjacent the axle-boxes, longitudinal inflexible connections between the links, and a bolster supported upon said connections, substantially as described.

5. The combination with a car-truck, of the side frames, extensible swing-links having load-supporting springs ranged in the direction of the length of the truck and pendent from the side frames, a bolster, and equalizing-bars extending between said links and supporting the bolster, substantially as described.

6. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, a bolster, the spring plank, springs intermediate of the spring-plank and bolster, the spring-plank being connected to the side frames by intermediate swing-links, and a spring on each of said links sustaining the spring-plank, substantially as described.

7. The combination in a car-truck of the side frames, spring-links depending from the side frames, longitudinal equalizing-bars connecting the links below the side frames, and

means for. connecting said bars with a carbody, substantially as described.

8. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, transversely-swinging springlinks depending from the side frames, longitudin allydisposed transverselymovable equalizing-bars connecting the links beneath the side frames, and means for connecting said bars with a car-body, substantially as described.

9. The combination in a cartruck, of the side frames, with extensible spring swinging links depending from the side frames, an equalizing-bar connecting the links, and a bolster supported on said equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

' 10. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, swing-links supported from the side frames, each of said links being yieldable in the direction of its length, equalizingbars connecting said links, and a bolster supported on said equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

11. The combination with a car-truck, of the side frames, pendent extensible-links on the side frames, springs on the links, the equalizing-bars movably connected to the links, and a bolster supported on said equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

12. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, the equalizing-bars movably and resiliently suspended from the side frames, and a bolster supported on said equalizingbars, substantially as described.

13. In a truck, the combination with the side frames, having axle-box pedestals, the longitudinally-disposed transversely-swinging equalizing-bars,pendent extensible resilient connections between the ends of the equalizing-bars and the side frames adjacent said pedestals, and a bolster supported on said equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

14. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames having axle-box pedestals, each frame having an upper longitudinal chord, and a lower parallel and swinging member, the lower member being movably suspended from the upper chord, springs included in said suspension, and a bolster supported on said lower member, substantially as described.

15. The combination of a car-truck, of the side frames, the equalizing-bars, a crossbolster secured to the equalizing-bars, links suspended from the side bars and attached to said equalizing-bars, and springs carried by said links adapted to oppose the motion of the side frames or equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

16. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, the links suspended from the side frames, each link carrying a double-acting spring, equalizing-bars secured to said links, and a bolster supported on the equalizingbars, substantially as described.

17. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames having axle-box pedestals,sprin gs interposed between the axle-boxes and the axle-box pedestals, separate springs hung from the side framesadjacent said pedestals, connections between said springs on each side frame, a spring-plank connecting said connections,'springs on the spring-plank, and a bolsteron said latter springs, substantially as described.

18. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames having axle-box pedestals,springs interposed between the axle-boxes and said pedestals, a further set of springs supported from the side frames, equalizing-bars supported by said further springs, a spring-plank supported by said equalizing bars, other springs on said spring-plank, and 'a bolster on said latter springs, substantially as described.

19. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames having axle-box pedestals, springs interposed between the axle-boxes and said pedestals, links with interposed springs, said links being supported from the side frames, equalizing-bars connecting the links,a springplank connecting said bars, bolster-springs on said spring-plank, and a bolster on said latter springs, substantially as described.

20. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames having axle-box pedestals,sprin gs interposed between the axle-boxes and said pedestals, links with interposed springs, said side frames having the axle-box pedestals,-

springs interposed between said pedestals and the axle-boxes, links with interposed springs,

said links being supported from the side beams adjacent the pedestals, and a further set of car-upholding springs supported by said link-interposed springs, substantially as described.

23. In acar-truck, the combination with the side frames having the axle-box pedestals, springs interposed between said pedestals and the axle-boxes, links with interposed springs, said links being supported from the side frames at or near the pedestals, the springplank supported by said link interposed springs, bolster-springs on the spring-plank, and a bolster on said bolster-springs, substantially as described.

24,-. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames having axle-box pedestals, spiral springs interposed between the axle-boxes and IIO ,d from the side bars, a spring-plank connected with said last-mentioned springs, el-

.5": liptic springs on said spring-plank, and a bolster supported on said elliptics, substanially as described.

In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames having axle-box pedestals,springs interposed between the axle-box pedestals, a further set of springs supported from said sideframes,equalizing-bars suspended by said latter springs, a spring-plank transversely connecting said equalizing-bars, springs on said spring-plank, and a bolster on said lastmentionedsprings,substantially as described.

26. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, the pendent swing-links, springs supported on the links, equalizing-bars suspended by said springs, and a bolster supported on said equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

27. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, extensible links each with an interposed spring hung on the side frames, equalizing-bars suspended by said springs, and'a bolster supported on said equalizingbars, substantially as described.

28. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, extensible links each with an interposed spring hung to swing transversely from. the side frames, equalizing-bars movably connecting the links on each of the side frames, and a bolster supported on said equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

29. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, extensible links with interposed springs hung from the side frames to swing transversely thereof, the inflexible equalizing-bars pivotally connected at the ends to said links, and a bolster supported on the equalizing-bars, the bolster, bars, and links being adapted to swing transversely of the side frames, substantially as described.

30. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frame, ahanger pivotallysuspended from said frame, a bolt movable in said hanger, a follower on the bolt, a spring interposed between the hanger and follower, equalizingbars secured at their ends to the bolt exterior to the hanger, and a bolster secured to said equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

31. In a car-truck, the combination of the side frames having pendent lugs, a pin passing through said lugs, a barrel suspended by said pin, a spring-seat on said barrel, a spring on the seat, an eyebolt having an eye at one end exterior to the barrel and a follower on the other end resting on said spring, an equalizing-bar connected at its ends to said bolts, and a bolster on said equalizingbar, substantially as described.

32. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, the barrels pivotally supported from the side frames, spring-seats formed at the lower portions of said barrels, a spring on each of said seats, the equalizing-bars, bolts pedestals, and a further set of spiral on the ends of the equalizing-bars extending springs of greater carrying capacity supportinto said barrels, and connections between said bolts and the springs on the barrels, substantially as described.

33. The combination with the side frames, having the top chords, the lugs on the chords, the barrels suspended by the lugs having the apertures at one end and exterior spring-seats on the lower end, a pin passing through said lugs, springs on said spring-seats, the equalizing-bars and connected bolster, the bolts extending from the ends of the equalizing-bars into said barrels, a movable cap on said springs, and a bar passing from said bolts through said barrel and engaging said cap, substantially as described.

34. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, the bolster, the equalizing-bars, the eyebolts movably secured to the ends of the equalizing bars, barrels movably suspended from the side frames, said bolts having followers guided by the barrels, and springs interposed between said followers and said barrels, substantially as described.

35. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, a spring-plank, means for suspending the spring-plank from the side frames, a spring on the spring-plank, a truss-rod extending between the ends of the spring-plank and lying beneath it, and a spreader interposed between said truss rod or rods and the said plank, substantially as described.

36. The combination in a car-truck, of the side frames, a spring-plank, springs on the plank, means for suspending the plank from the side frames, paired truss-rods extending between the ends of the spring-plank, and spreaders interposed between the plank and said rods beneath the springs, said spreaders having lips engaging the plank, and recessed legs to receive the rods, substantially as described.

37. The combination in a truck-frame, of the side bars, transoms extending between the side bars, a spring-plank and bolster, springs between said plank and bolster, and a safetystrapping consisting of a strap encircling said plank, springs, and bolster secured to the top of each of said transoms, substantially as described.

38. The combination with a car-truck, of the inwardly-extending brackets 51' formed on the inside of the top chords 6, having longitudinal strengthening-webs 52, and transoms of an gle-iron extending between said top chords, said angle-irons each having a longitudinal web resting on the top of'the Webs 52, and vertical webs secured to the brackets 51, substantially as described.

39. The combination with the side bars, of the equalizing-bars rigid throughout their length, resilient links for suspending the equalizing-bars from the side bars, and a spring-plank secured ,to the equalizing-bars, substantially as described.

40. The combination in a car-truck, of the side bars, depending links, the equalizingbars on the links, a springplank secured to said equalizing-bars, and a truss rod or rods extending between the ends of said plank, substantially as described.

41. The combination in a truck, of the side bars of the truck-frame, transoms extending between said bars, a bolster movably supported between the transoms, a motor secured at one end upon one of the truck-axles, a hanger attached to the transom, a link pivotally secured to the hanger and depending therefrom, an aperture formed in the end of the hanger, a circular lug projecting from the free end of the motor passing through said aperture, and means for securing said hanger to said lug below the transom, substantially as described.

42. The combination in a car-truck, of the top chords of the truck-frame, a transom extending between said chords, a motor supported at one end upon one of the truckaxles, a pendent hanger or hangers secured to said transom, a pendent swing-link secured to said hanger or hangers, said link having an apertured eye at the end, and a circular lug on the free end of the motor en gaging said eye, substantially as described.

43. The combination in atruck, of the motor secured on an axle thereof, the side frames, transverse connections between the frames, the hangers 61 pendent from said connections and ranged in line with each other, links 63 suspended from the hangers by pins 62, the

transversely-disposed apertured eyes on the ends of the links, and rounded lugs 66 extending from the motor into said eyes, substantially as described.

44. In a car-truck,the combination with the side bars comprising the axle-box pedestals or yokes, a bar connecting said yokes, lugs depending from said bar, links depending from said lugs, the inflexible equalizing-bars connecting the links, and a bolster supported by said equalizing-bar, substantially as described.

45. A car-truck having links comprising a plurality of parts movable to or from each other in the direction of their length, a spring for opposing such movement, equalizing-bars pivotally secured at their ends to said links, a plank on said bars, springs on said plank, and a bolster on said latter springs, substantially as described.

46. A car-truck having a bolster and links extensible in the direction of their length and having interposed springs, equalizing-bars pivotally secured at their ends to an extensible element of said links, a plank on said bars, springs on said plank, and a bolster on said latter springs, substantially as described.

47. A two-part link, the parts being separable in the direction of their length, an interposed spring opposing such separation, and pivoting-eyes formed on the opposing ends of the said parts, combined with a truck-frame, equalizing-bars, and a bolster on said bars, the upper eye being pivotally attached to said frame, the lower eye being pivotally attached to said bars, substantially as described.

48. The combination with the side bars, the apertured barrel 18 having a spring-seat 20 at the lower exterior end thereof, means for suspending the barrel from the side bars, a spring on said seat exterior to the barrel, the cap 22 exterior to the barrel and on said spring, a bolt movable in said barrel, an equalizing-bar secured to said bolt and means for connecting the bolt and the cap 22, substantially as described.

49. The combination with the side bar, of the apertured barrel 18 pivoted thereto, a spring'seat 20 at the lower exterior end of the barrel, a spring on the seat exterior to the barrel, a cap 22 exterior to the barrel and on the spring, a bolt movable in the barrel and means for connecting it with the cap 22, and an equalizing-bar movably secured to said bolt, substantially as described.

50-. The combination with the side bar, of the barrel l8 pendent therefrom, the springseat 20 on the lower portion of the barrel, a spring on said seat, a cap exterior to the barrel and resting on said spring, diametricallydisposed slots 23 formed in said barrel, the bolt 25 movable in the barrel, a bar 24 extending from the bolt through the slots and engaging the cap 22, and the equalizing-bar 27 secured to said bolt, substantially as described.

51. The combination with the sidebar 6 having the depending lugs 16, a pin 17 passing through said lugs, a barrel 18 supported from said pin, a spring supported on the exterior of said barrel, a bar 25 moving in said barrel, means for connecting said barand said spring, and an equalizingbar secured to said bar below said spring, substantially as described. 1

52. The combination withthe side bar, depending lugs 16, a pin 17 in said lugs, a barrel 18 having an apertured head 19 through which said pin passes, the base of said head engaging the said lugs, a spring supported on the exterior of said barrel, a bar movable in said barrel, means for connecting said bar and said spring, and an equalizing-bar secured to said bar below said spring, substantially as described.

53.v A spring link or hanger comprising the barrel 18 having an interior chamber, a thrustbar 25 movable in said chamber, a seat 20 formed on the exterior of said barrel, a spring 21 resting on said seat and surrounding said barrel, a cap 21 resting on said spring and guided by said barrel, slots 23 formed in said barrel and a bar 24 extending from said thrustbar through said slots and resting on the cap 22, substantially as described.

54. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of eyebolts movably suspended from the side frames, bars movably secured to the eyebolts, springs combined with the eyebolts whereby said bars are elastically supported, a cross-bea1n supported by said bars, one or more springs thereon, and a car-supporting bolster supported by said latter springs, substantially as described.

55. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of link-sections pivoted to the said frames, eyebolts to which the linksections are movably secured, bars movably secured to the eyebolts, springs on the link sections whereby the bars are elastically supported, a cross-beam supported by said bars, one or more springs on the beam, and a carsupporting bolster supported by the latter springs, substantially as described.

56. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of link-sections pivoted to said frames, eyebolts to which the link-sections are movably secured, bars movably secured to the eyebolts, spiral springs on the link-sections, cup-shaped spring-seats against which the spiral springs press, and a car-supporting bolster suitably supported on said bars, substantially as described.

57. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames having axle-box pedestals, of the swing-links suspended from the side frames adjacent to said pedestals, inflexible equalizing-bars pivotally secured to said links below the side frames, and a cross-bolster connecting the equalizing-bars below the side frames, substantially as described.

58. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of the links hung from the side frames, springs on the links, equalizingbars supported by said springs, a cross-beam connecting the equalizing-bars, one or more springs on said cross-beam, and a bolster on the latter springs, substantially as described.

59. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of the links hung from the side frames, spiral springs supported and guided by said links, equalizing-bars supported by said springs, a cross-beam connecting the equalizing-bars, one or more elliptical springs on said cross-beam, and a bolster on the latter springs, substantially as described.

60. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of the links hung from the side frames, springs on the links, equalizingbars supported by said springs, a cross-beam connecting the equalizing-bars, one or more springs on the cross-beam, a bolster on the latter springs, and transoms extending between the side frames between which transoms the said bolster lies, substantially as described.

6l. In a car-truck, the combination with side frames provided with axle-box pedestals near their ends to receive axle-boxes, springs disposed between the boxes and pedestals, whereby said frames are'cushioned on the axle-boxes, of a car-body-supporting bolster elastically suspended from the side frames, and a motor sustained at one end on one of the truck-axles, the support for its free end finding an ultimate bearing on the journalboXes, substantially as described.

62. In a car-truck, the combination with pended from the side frames below said bolster and a pair of elliptic springs mounted on said beam and connected with and support ing said bolster, substantially as described.

64. In a car-truck the combination with the side frames, links pivoted to said frames and movably connected to eyebolts, barselastically suspended from said eyebolts, and a cross-beam supported by said bars, of elliptic springs mounted on said beam, and a carbody supporting bolster mounted on said springs, substantially as described.

65. In a car-truck the combination wit the side frames, of bars elastically suspended by link connections respectively from said frames, a beam extending transversely of the truck and resting on said bars, and a bolster supported on said beam, substantially as described.

66. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of bars elastically suspended by link connections respectively from said side frames, a beam extending transversely of the truck and resting on said bars, a carbody-supporting bolster, and springs interposed between said beam and bolster, substantially as described.

67. In a car-truck, the combination with the truck-frame, of swing-links, a springplank, a bolster on the plank, and means for supporting the plank from the truck-frame, comprising springs and said links, substantially as described.

68. In a car-truck, the combination with the truck-frame, of swing-links, a springplank, springs on the plank, a bolster on the springs, and means for supporting said plank from the truck-frame comprising said links and additional springs adapted to cooperate with said links, substantially as described.

69. In a car-truck, the combination with the axle-boxes, and side frames provided near each end with openings adapted to receive or straddle said axle-boxes, of springs supporting said side frames elastically on the axleboxes, and a car-body-supportin g bolster elastically suspended from said side frames, substantially as described.

70. In a car-truck, the combination with the axle-boxes, and side frames provided near each end with openings adapted to receive or straddle said axle-boxes, of spiral springs arranged within the openings of said side frames and elastically supporting the latter on the axle-boxes, a car-body-supporting bolster on the equalizing-bars, and appliances elastically suspending said bars directly from the side frames, substantially as described.

71. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of links pivoted to said frames, eyebolts to which the links are movably connected, bars movably connected to the eyebolts, springs whereby the bars are elastically supported, a cross-beam supported by said bars, one or more springs on the beam, and a car-supporting bolster supported by the springs, substantially as described.

72. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames, of links pivoted to said frames, eyebolts to which the links are movably connected, bars to which the eyebolts are movably connected, spiral springs 21 supporting said bars, cups against which the spiral springs press, and a car-supporting bolster suitably supported on said beams, substantially as described.

73. In a car-truck, the combination with the side frames provided with openings near their ends to receive or straddle the journalboxes, and springs arranged between the tops GEO. MARTIN BRILL. SAML. M. CURWEN.

Witnesses:

R, S. REED, ISAIAH MATLACK. 

